An example of early music pieces for modern day symphony orchestras is evident in the works of Claudio Monteverdi, specifically his opera Orfeo.
The Mannhein School, composed of musicians in Mannheim, Germany, was founded by Johann Stamitz during the 18th century. Stamitz, along with other composers, cited that there are four sections of the modern day orchestra:
Musical Instruments of the Orchestra
- strings (cellos, double bass, violas, first and second violins)
- brass (trumpets, horns)
- woodwinds (bassoons, clarinets, oboes, flutes)
- percussion (timpani)
During the 19th century more instruments were added to the orchestra including the trombone. Some composers created music pieces which needed orchestras that were very large in size. However, in the late 20th century composers opted for smaller sized orchestras such as chamber orchestras.
The Conductor
Composers play many different roles, they can be performers, songwriters, educators or conductors. Conducting is more than just waving a baton with a flourish. A conductor's job may look easy, but in reality it's one of the most-demanding and highly competitive fields in music. Here are several resources that explores the role of conductors as well as profiles of well-respected conductors in history.
Notable Composers for the Orchestra
Orchestras on the Web
Know of other orchestras that should be on this list? Email it to musiced.guide@about.com.
